Advancements in immune tolerance

Immune tolerance induction in hemophilia

2015 The development of inhibitors is the main complication of hemophilia therapy. Inhibitors occur in 25–30% and in 2–5% of patients with severe hemophilia A and B, respectively. They render treatment and prevention of bleeds difficult. The only known therapeutic strategy able to eliminate inhibitors is immune tolerance induction (ITI) that consists in regular high-dose FVIII/FIX infusions. IT...

role of b cells in immune tolerance

Cytokine regulation of immune tolerance

The immune system provides defenses against invading pathogens while maintaining immune tolerance to self-antigens. This immune homeostasis is harmonized by the direct interactions between immune cells and the cytokine environment in which immune cells develop and function. Herein, we discuss three non-redundant paradigms by which cytokines maintain or break immune tolerance. We firstly describ...

Working toward immune tolerance in lung transplantation.

Long-term allograft survival is a major challenge facing solid organ transplantation. Recent studies have shown a negative correlation between infiltration of memory T cells and allograft survival. Furthermore, blockade of leukocyte activation increases acceptance of transplanted organs, including heart, liver, and kidney. Lung allografts are associated with high rates of rejection, and therapi...

Challenges in the pursuit of immune tolerance.

Strategies for inducing immune tolerance are fundamentally similar across a spectrum of immune-mediated disorders, including allergic disease, autoimmunity, and rejection of allografts. In each case, the objective of establishing an immunoregulatory balance is challenged by variable upswings in effector cell populations and proinflammatory mediators of immunity, requiring careful, and innovativ...